/* Base Styles */
body {
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  color: #333;
  line-height: 1.6;
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
}

/* Navbar Styling */
.navbar {
  padding: 15px;
  background-color: #ffffff !important;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.navbar-brand {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  color: #2E7D32 !important;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.navbar-brand:hover {
  color: #388E3C !important;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link {
  color: #343a40 !important;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-right: 20px;
  position: relative;
  transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.navbar-nav .nav-link:focus,
.navbar-nav .nav-link.active {
  color: #2E7D32 !important;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -4px;
  left: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background-color: #2E7D32;
  transition: width 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover::after,
.navbar-nav .nav-link:focus::after,
.navbar-nav .nav-link.active::after {
  width: 100%;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)), url('images/herobanner.jpg') no-repeat center center/cover;
  height: 80vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 800px;
  padding: 0 15px;
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: 3.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.hero h1 span {
  color: #4CAF50;
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
}

.hero h1 span::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  height: 4px;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #4CAF50;
  bottom: -8px;
  left: 0;
}

.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.btn-custom {
  background-color: #388E3C;
  color: white;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  padding: 10px 30px;
  border-radius: 30px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  display: inline-block;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border: none;
}

.btn-custom:hover {
  background-color: #2E7D32;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  color: white;
}

/* Research Section */
.section-title {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #212529;
}

.section-title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  width: 80px;
  height: 4px;
  background-color: #388E3C;
  bottom: -15px;
  left: 0;
}

.research-text {
  max-width: 95%;
}

.text-justify {
  text-align: justify;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: #495057;
}

/* Challenge and Solution Highlights */
.challenge-highlight, .solution-highlight {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.challenge-highlight {
  border-left: 4px solid #dc3545;
}

.solution-highlight {
  border-left: 4px solid #28a745;
}

/* Research Initiative Section - FIXED ALIGNMENT */
.research-initiative-row {
  margin-top: 40px;  /* Reduced from 60px to bring it closer to circular economy */
  margin-bottom: 40px;  /* Reduced for consistency */
  align-items: center !important;  /* Force vertical center alignment */
}

.research-initiative-row .col-lg-6 {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.research-image-container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

/* Impact Goals Section */
.impact-card {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 30px 20px;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 200px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.impact-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  background-color: #fff;
}

.impact-card i {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.impact-card h4 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #212529;
  text-align: center;
}

.impact-card p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #6c757d;
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Carousel */
.carousel {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  border-radius: 10px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.img-panorama {
  height: 450px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.carousel-indicators {
  margin-bottom: -10px;
}

.carousel-indicators button {
  background-color: #388E3C !important;
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  margin: 0 5px;
}

.carousel-control-prev-icon,
.carousel-control-next-icon {
  background-color: rgba(56, 142, 60, 0.5);
  border-radius: 50%;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* Key Research Areas Section */
#key-research h2 {
  position: relative;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #212529;
  padding-bottom: 15px;
}

#key-research h2::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  width: 80px;
  height: 4px;
  background-color: #388E3C;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.research-area-card {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 30px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.research-area-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
  box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.research-icon {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background-color: rgba(56, 142, 60, 0.1);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.research-icon i {
  color: #388E3C;
  font-size: 28px;
}

.research-area-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #343a40;
}

.research-area-text {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #6c757d;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
  background-color: #2d2d2d;
  color: white;
  padding: 40px 0 20px;
  margin-top: 80px;
}

.footer i {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  color: #388E3C;
}

.contact-info {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.footer a {
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.footer a:hover {
  color: #4CAF50 !important;
}

hr.border-light {
  opacity: 0.1;
  margin: 30px 0;
}

/* Page Header */
.page-header {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 60px 0 30px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.page-header h1 {
  color: #212529;
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.page-header h1::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  width: 100px;
  height: 4px;
  background-color: #388E3C;
  bottom: -15px;
  left: 0;
}

.breadcrumb {
  background-color: transparent;
  padding: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.breadcrumb-item a {
  color: #388E3C;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumb-item.active {
  color: #6c757d;
}

/* Featured Research Page */
.featured-research {
  padding: 60px 0;
}

.featured-content {
  padding-right: 30px;
}

.featured-title {
  color: #212529;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.featured-abstract p {
  color: #495057;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.featured-abstract .lead {
  color: #343a40;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.featured-highlights {
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.featured-image {
  position: relative;
}

.image-caption {
  border-top: 4px solid #388E3C;
}

.research-info {
  border-left: 4px solid #388E3C;
}

/* Research Areas Section */
.research-areas {
  padding: 60px 0;
}

.research-areas .section-title {
  text-align: center;
}

.research-areas .section-title::after {
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

/* Research Methodology */
.research-methodology {
  padding: 60px 0;
}

.method-icon {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-right: 15px;
  background-color: rgba(56, 142, 60, 0.1);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.method-icon i {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  color: #388E3C;
}

.method-content h5 {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #343a40;
}

.method-content p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: #6c757d;
}

.methodology-image {
  border-radius: 10px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.image-overlay {
  border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
  border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;
}

/* Collaborators Section */
.collaborators {
  padding: 60px 0;
}

.collaborator-card {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border-top: 4px solid transparent;
}

.collaborator-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
  box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  border-top: 4px solid #388E3C;
}

.collaborator-icon {
  width: 70px;
  height: 70px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  background-color: rgba(56, 142, 60, 0.1);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Responsive Adjustments */
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 3rem;
  }
  
  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .img-panorama {
    height: 400px;
  }
  
  .featured-title {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .navbar-nav .nav-link {
    margin-right: 0;
    padding: 10px 0;
  }
  
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
  
  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
  
  .img-panorama {
    height: 350px;
  }
  
  .research-text {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
  }
  
  .research-area-card {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }
  
  .featured-content {
    padding-right: 0;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
  }
  
  /* Research Initiative responsive fix */
  .research-initiative-row {
    margin-top: 40px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .hero {
    height: 70vh;
  }
  
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
  
  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  
  .btn-custom {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding: 8px 20px;
  }
  
  .img-panorama {
    height: 300px;
  }
  
  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .section-title::after {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
  
  .research-area-card {
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .research-icon {
    margin: 0 auto 20px;
  }
  
  .page-header {
    padding: 40px 0 20px;
  }
  
  .page-header h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
  
  .page-header h1::after {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
  
  .breadcrumb {
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .featured-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  /* Impact Cards responsive */
  .impact-card {
    min-height: 180px;
  }
  
  /* Research Initiative mobile fix */
  .research-initiative-row {
    margin-top: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }
  
  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  
  .img-panorama {
    height: 250px;
  }
  
  .featured-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .methodology-icon {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
  }
  
  .methodology-icon i {
    font-size: 1.5rem !important;
  }
  
  .page-header h1::after {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
  
  .breadcrumb {
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .publication-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  /* Impact Cards mobile */
  .impact-card h4 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  
  .impact-card i {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
}